margin: the space that defines the active area of the page and directs the viewer toward the visual elements.
column: vertical divisions of space that are used to align the visual elements
alley: the space between the text characters
module: spacial areas that support the textual and visual content of the design
gutter: the space between columns of printed text
folio:
-- What are the advantages of a multiple column grid.?
It allows for there to be more text on the page without being overcrowded.
-- Why is there only one space after a period?
Because on computers, the characters are proportional and not monospaced like typewriters.
-- What is a character (in typography)?
a symbol, letterform or number
-- How many characters is optimal for a line length? words per line?
40-70 characters.
-- Why is the baseline grid used in design?
It maintains continuity across the pages of design.
-- What is a typographic river?
In justified text blocks when the separation of the words leaves gaps of white space in several lines. A river effect is created where white space gaps align through the text.
-- What does clotheslining or flow line or hangline mean?
a horizontal "line" that flows across the pages of a design.
-- How can you incorporate white space into your designs?
Use white space so the page is not so full with text or images. Use it to create eye movement and/or to break up the space.
-- What is type color/texture mean?
type texture is different fonts that can add a texture to the design by the shape and weight of its characters
-- What is x-height, how does it effect type color?
the height of a lowercase x. The smaller the x height the thinner the lines will get and the color will appear to be lighter.
-- Define Tracking.
the amount of spacing between the characters
-- Define Kerning. Why doe characters need to be kerned? What are the most common characters that need to be kerned (kerning pairs)?
the removal of space between letters to improve the visual look of type, manually or automatically. Some fonts have too much space between letters, so kerning is used to unify the words so they appear more as a whole. HL, HO, OC, OT, AT
-- In justification or H&J terms what do the numbers: minimum, optimum, maximum mean?
-- What is the optimum space between words?
an en dash
-- What are some ways to indicate a new paragraph. Are there any rules?
A tab indent
-- What are the rules associated with hyphenation?
strictly for hyphenating words and line breaks. aviod hyphen. more than 2 words in a row, avoid too many in one paragraph, avoid stupid ones, never hyphen a heading, break lines sensibly.
-- What is a ligurature?
when two letters form to make a symbol.
-- What does CMYK and RGB mean?
cyan magenta yellow black. red green blue.
-- What does hanging punctuation mean?
when the punctuation extends into the right hand margin area to make the margin look neater.
-- What is the difference between a foot mark and an apostrophe? What is the difference between an inch mark and a quote mark (smart quote)?
apostrophe-used to indicate the removal of a letter of letters.
foot mark- is used to symbol feet and is not curved.
inch mark-similar to the foot mark but is double lines
quote mark-used to reference something someone said. they are curved towards the text.
-- What is a hyphen, en dash and em dashes, what are the differences and when are they used.
Dashes (hyphen, en, em)-en and em used in punctuation to provide a measurement for dashes. Not the same as a hyphen, but related. An en is half of an em, a hyphen is one third of an em. Hyphens used to link words, for compound words etc. En dash used to separate page numbers, dates and to replace the word to in constructions implying movement. Em dash used to form lines and house nested clauses.
-- What is a widow and an orphan?
Widow-a single word as last line of a paragraph
Orphan -A line of type beginning a new paragraph at the bottom of a column or page
